Vaccines are biological products that guide the immune system to recognize and respond to a specific infectious agent. The primary goal is to provide protective immunity without causing disease.

Vaccines can be developed using various technologies, including live attenuated, inactivated, protein subunit, toxoid, vector-based, and mRNA. Many vaccines today are produced in cell cultures or biotechnological manufacturing systems using recombinant DNA technology.

Due to their high safety requirements, vaccines are one of the most strictly regulated product groups among pharmaceuticals. Their development processes include comprehensive preclinical studies, multi-stage clinical trials, advanced quality control tests, and pharmacovigilance applications.

In this respect, vaccines are strategic products in the field of biotechnological drug development, requiring the combined work of scientific expertise, regulatory knowledge, and advanced manufacturing technologies.